The need to solve static generation and dissipate problems has grown, not because of the increase in the computer chip use, but in the increased density of the chips. As industry puts more and more on a single chip, the layers inside the chips are getting smaller and smaller, making them more susceptible to the effects of ESD and EOS.

When static charge of less than 10 volts will destroy a class 1 ESD Sensitive Device and it is possible to create a static charge of over 35,000 volts walking across a carpet on a dry day, the problem is immediate and severe.

Static charge is generated between materials through friction, pressure, or separation of two materials, one of which is usually nonconductive. This process is called the Triboelectric Effect [tribo means rubbing]. The actual level of charge is measured in coulombs. Commonly, however, the electrostatic potential on an object is expressed as voltage.

In addition to the material composition, applied forces and separation rate, the relative humidity is an important factor in the generation of static charges.

When humidity is low, higher static charges are generated more easily. Static becomes more noticeable in the winter months, in dry climates and in air-conditioned environments. Increasing humidity to 60% limits static buildup as surface moisture on materials makes a good conductor. Unfortunately, 60% relative humidity is extremely uncomfortable, can cause equipment problems, and introduce contaminants.